What is GDV (bloat)?

Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), commonly called bloat, occurs when a dog's stomach fills with gas and then rotates or twists around its supporting ligaments. This twisting traps gas inside the stomach and can cut off blood supply to the organ and surrounding tissues. Without emergency surgery, GDV is almost always fatal, often within hours of onset.

The condition develops suddenly and demands immediate veterinary care. Signs include a hard or distended abdomen, unproductive vomiting or retching, restlessness, drooling, and rapid or shallow breathing. Some dogs may collapse or go into shock. Because the stomach's blood supply is compromised, tissue death begins quickly, and the dog's condition deteriorates rapidly.

Certain breeds face much higher risk than others. Large and giant breeds with deep chests are most vulnerable, including Great Danes, German Shepherds, Standard Poodles, Boxers, Saint Bernards, and Weimaraners. Older dogs and those with a family history of GDV are at greater risk. Males are affected more often than females.

Risk factors include eating one large meal daily, rapid eating, exercising immediately after eating, and a family history of bloat. While the exact cause remains unclear, feeding practices and anatomy both play roles. If your dog shows symptoms of bloat, seek emergency care immediately, as every minute counts.